Population and income and resource gradients, migration and conflicts
Across the Globe: Why 50% of The World Live in these 6 OVERCROWDED Countries at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlw3kkAU1Ps
You might try to classify land area according to whether it can support humans. But, with intensified agriculture and imports, large cities with still higher densities are common. Also, take a look at population density gradients between countries, and near cities. Those are often where there are migration and conflict issues. And income per capita spatial gradients. Job and salary gradients. What is the net flow across borders or from place to place? And with air travel and ships, flows between countries and conflicts between countries are often driven by differences like that. Why are current world conflicts and wars happening? Likely not because they just decided one day to do it. Follow the money. Look at the value of things that can be obtained by force. Look at who is doing it and who hopes to benefit.